Hakim b. Hizam said God's Messenger sent him with a dinar to buy a sacrificial animal for him. He bought a sheep for a dinar, sold it for two, came back, bought a sacrificial animal for a dinar, and brought it along with the extra dinar which he had gained. God’s Messenger gave the dinar as sadaqa and asked a blessing on him in his trading. Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it.

Ibn ‘Umar reported God’s Messenger as saying, “No one must milk a man’s animal without his permission. Would any of you like his upper chamber to be entered, his treasury broken into, and his food taken away? The udders of their animals store up their food for them.” Muslim transmitted it.

Anas said that when the Prophet (ﷺ) was with one of his wives one of the mothers of the faithful sent a bowl containing food and the one in whose house he was struck the servant’s hand with the result that the bowl fell and was broken in pieces. The Prophet (ﷺ) collected the pieces of the bowl, then began to collect in it the food it had contained, saying, “Your mother is jealous.” He then detained the servant till a bowl was produced by the one in whose house he was, gave the sound bowl to the one whose bowl had been broken and kept the broken one in the house of the one who broke it. Bukhari transmitted it.

‘Abdallah b. Yazid said that the Prophet (ﷺ) forbade spoliation1 and mutilation2. Bukhari transmitted it. 1. Either taking some of the spoil in battle before the division of the booty has been made, or appropriating anything belonging to a Muslim. 2. The reference here may simply be to cutting off certain parts of animals, but it can apply to human beings as well.

Jabir said that in the time of God’s Messenger there was a solar eclipse on the day his son Ibrahim died, and he led the people in a prayer of six rak'as with four sajdas, finishing when the sun came out of the eclipse. He then said, “There is nothing you have been promised which I have not seen during this prayer of mine. Hell was brought, and that was when you saw me draw back from fear that some of its heat might strike me. I saw in it, dragging his entrails in hell, the owner of the crooked stick who used to steal from pilgrims with his crooked stick saying, if it was noticed, that the article had accidentally attached itself to the stick, but going off with it if it was not noticed. I also saw the woman who possessed a cat which she tied up and did not feed or allow it to go and eat of the creeping things on the ground with the result that it died of hunger. Then paradise was brought, and that was when you saw me go forward and stand in my place and stretch out my hand meaning to take some of its fruit that you might look at it; but I thought it better not to do so.” Muslim transmitted it.

Sa'id b. Zaid reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “If anyone makes barren land fertile it belongs to him, but no right pertains to one who plants wrongfully in land another has brought into cultivation*”. Ahmad, Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it, and Malik transmitted it in mursal form on the authority of ‘Urwa. Tirmidhi said this is a hasan gharib tradition. *'Irq zalim, the literal translation would be “a wrongful root.” The translation given above represents the general sense of the phrase.

Abu Hurra ar-Raqashi on his paternal uncle’s authority reported God’s Messenger as saying, “You must not act oppressively, and a man’s property may not be taken except with his goodwill.” Baihaqi transmitted it in Shu'ab al-iman and Daraqutni in al-Mujtaba.

‘Imran b. Husain reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “Having someone to urge on a horse from behind in a race, having a horse beside the one that is being ridden in a race to which the rider may transfer1, and giving a woman in marriage in return for another without dowry2 are not allowed in Islam, and he who plunders does not belong to us.” Tirmidhi transmitted it. 1. Ia jalaba wala janaba. One meaning of the phrase is that expressed in the translation, and is most likely to be the one intended here. Another meaning is that a collector of zakat must notdem and that animals be brought to him from a distance, and people must not remove their animals to a distance when they hear that the zakat collector is coming to them. Cf. p. 375. 2. Shighar.

As-Sa’ib b. Yazid on his father’s authority reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “None of you must take his brother’s staff jestingly with the intention of causing annoyance. Anyone who takes his brother’s staff must return it to him.” Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it, the latter’s version ending at “causing annoyance.”

Samura reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “If anyone finds his actual property with someone he has most right to it, and the buyer must sue the one who made the sale.” Ahmad, Abu Dawud and Nasa’i transmitted it.

He reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “The hand which takes is responsible till it pays.” Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah transmitted it.

Haram b; Sa‘d b. Muhayyisa said that when a she-camel belonging to al-Bara’ b. ‘Azib entered a garden and did damage, God’s Messenger gave decision that the owners of gardens are responsible for guarding them by day, but that any damage done by animals during the night is a responsibility lying on their owners. Malik, Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah transmitted it.

Abu Huraira reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying that no recompense may be demanded if a foot is trodden on*, and that the same applies in the case of fire. Abu Dawud transmitted it. * Or it may mean that no recompense may be demanded if one is kicked by an animal.

Al-Hasan on Samura’s authority reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “When any of you comes upon animals whose owner is among them he must ask his permission; if not he must call three times and if anyone answers him he must ask his permission; but if no one answers him he may draw some milk and drink, but not carry any away.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.

Ibn ‘Umar reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “If anyone enters a garden he may eat, but he must not take anything away in his clothing.” Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah transmitted it, Tirmidhi saying this is a gharib tradition.

Umayya b. Safwan quoted his father as saying that at the battle of Hunain the Prophet (ﷺ) borrowed his coats of mail and he asked, “Are you taking them by force, Muhammad ?” to which he replied, “No, it is a loan with a guarantee of their return.'’ Abu Dawud transmitted it.

Abu Umama told of hearing God's Messenger say, “A loan must be paid back, a minha* must be returned, a debt must be discharged, and one who stands surety is held responsible.” Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it. *This may be a she camel lent for a time for milking, but it can be used of other things which are lent for some specific purpose.

Rafi' b. 'Amr al-Ghifari said: When I was a boy I used to throw stones at the palm-trees belonging to the Ansar and was brought to the Prophet. He asked, “Why do you throw stones at the palm-trees, boy?” and when I replied that it was to get something to eat he said, “Do not' throw stones, but you may eat anything that falls below them.” Then passing his hand over my head he said, “O God, fill his belly.” Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah transmitted it.

Salim reported on his father's authority that God’s Messenger said, "If anyone takes any land without having a right he will be swallowed up seven earths deep on the day of resurrection.” Bukhari transmitted it.

Ya'la b. Murra told of hearing God’s Messenger say, “If anyone seizes land to which he has no right he will be made to carry its earth at the resurrection.” Ahmad transmitted it.